Video card buying tips

Introduction

With the popularity of computer gaming video cards are becoming of of the most commonly upgraded components in a computer. However, purchasing a computer video card can sometimes be a very confusing and frustrating task. Before purchasing a video card, keep the below recommendations in mind.

Connection

Today, there are three bus (slots) a video card is capable of connecting to. Although with most modern computers today it'll be either PCI-E or AGP. Before buying a new video card make sure you get a video card that will be compatible with the available slots in your computer.

PCI-E or PCI-Express was approved as a standard on July 2002 and is the latest computer bus found in computers. PCI Express is designed to replacePCI and AGP and is available in several different formats: x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x16 and x32.

AGP or Advanced Graphics Port, is a new standard available on Pentium II and later motherboards. Introduced in 1997, AGP is a 32-bit Bus designed for high demanding video cards. AGP has a direct line to the computer memory, which allows 3-D elements to be stored in the system memory instead of the video memory and is available in three different standards (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0).

PCI or Peripheral Component Interconnect, was first introduced in 1992. Although still in use most computers today will have an available AGP slot and should be used instead of PCI.

Power supply

Today's video cards are one of the must power hungry devices in your computer. Make sure that your power supply will meet the requirements of your video card. Many video cards will require a 500W or more power supply. If your computer doesn't meet the power requirements you'd need to upgrade the power supply before being able to install the new video card.

Memory

Another important consideration when purchasing a video card is the amount of video memory the card has. Like system memory, the more memory located on the computer video card in most cases the greater capability of the video card. Today, we suggest at the minimum a video card with 256MB of video memory.

Other considerations

Below are some additional considerations you may want to think about when buying a video card.

Ports - Many newer video cards will only have a DVI connection or both a VGA and DVI connection. If you're using a video card with a monitor that has a VGA connector it can still be used, but you'll need to also purchase a DVI to VGA converter if not included with your video card.

Chipset - There are dozens of different video card manufacturers. However, there are only two major chipset manufacturers; Nvidia and ATI. Although both are great manufacturers there can be great big differences between the two as far as performance. Before buying any video card it's a good idea to look up a hardware review on the video card before purchasing it if you're concerned about it's performance.

Size - If you have a smaller computer case fitting some of the new video cards in the computer many not be possible. Video cards today are much larger than older video cards because of their increased capabilities and need for cooling fans. Make sure your case is going to have room for a new video card. The only way to do this is to open the case and physically look.

Warranty - How long is the warranty and what does it cover.

Support - Is the technical support number a free number and is it open 24 hours, 7 days a week? You can find contact information for all major video card manufacturers on our Video Card.

Price range

The price range can vary depending on the brand of video card, amount of memory, the interface used, and other available options. In general prices can range from $100 to $1,000 USD.

Where to purchase

For best price we often recommend that users purchase all computer hardware online. You'll be able to look at other customer reviews and get a much lower price. If you're uncomfortable buying online or want to talk to a sales rep you can always visit a local retail store and then buy online.

Sound Card Buying tips

Introduction

When purchasing a sound card, there are several factors that can complicate and sometimes not allow you to install your sound card. Before purchasing a sound card, it is important to take the below things into consideration.

Interface

Ensure that you have the available connection on the computer. Sound cards are available as both PCI and ISA.

PCI - Today, most cards available are PCI; if you plan on using your sound card for such things as playing games and watching DVD movies, it is recommended you at least get a PCI sound card.

ISA - Today, ISA cards are relatively cheap sound cards, which allow users that may not have as much money to have sound on the computer. In addition to being a cheap sound card, purchasing an ISA sound card will keep an additional free PCI slot available.

In addition to verifying your computer has the available connections, it is also important to look to see if your computer has a sound card that is built onto the Motherboard. Verify that this sound card can be disabled or will be disabled when the new sound card is installed.

Available connections

After determining the available connection on the sound card, it is also important to look at the available connections on the card. When purchasing a sound card it is important that it has the available connections on the card.

• Available speaker connections - For computer gamers it may be important that the card has two available speaker connections. One connection for the front speakers and the other for the rear speakers. Users who do not plan on using four speakers or utilizing this technology will only need one speaker connection to connect the set of two speakers to.
• Midi port / Game port - The midi port will allow a user to connect a Midi keyboard; however, it is more commonly used as a game port, allowing users to connect game paddles and joysticks to the card.
• Microphone connection - Today, generally a standard with all sound cards, it's important to verify your sound card includes a Microphone connection.

Full-duplex

Today, generally included with most sound cards, FullDuplex allows for sound cards playing and recording sound at the same time. This feature is most commonly used to do voice communication over the Internet or speakerphone.

3-D acceleration

Today, 3-D Acceleration is used and found in computer games. Below is a listing of the three 3-D acceleration found today.

DirectSound 3D Microsoft's DirectSound3D software API included with DirectX. When compared to other available 3D standards.

EAX Creative Labs Environmental Audio Extensions that creates very realistic and believable sound effects based in the environment of a game.

A3D Originally developed by Aureal, A3D is a software API developed for additional 3D acceleration without using Microsofts API code. Unfortunately, on June 6, 2000, Aureal went off-line because of bankruptcy.

Other considerations

Some other important considerations to look at when purchasing a computer sound card include:

Warranty How long is the warranty and what does it cover.

Support Is the technical support number a free number; is it open 24 hours, 7 days a week.

Price range

The price range can vary depending upon the sound card purchased and the available options with that sound card. Below is a listing of some examples of prices you are likely to see when purchasing a sound card.

Sound Card

Expect to pay $20.00 to $300.00*

*All prices are estimated prices and are not quotes. When the sound card is introduced the price will generally be higher. All prices are US Currency, prices may vary in different countries. All prices are based on new products and not those purchased refurbished or used.

Ready to purchase

Once you have reviewed the appropriate information and believe that you are ready to make a purchase of a new sound card, ensure that the source that you plan on purchasing the sound card from is a reputable source and you have reviewed our section on what to look out for when purchasing over the Internet.

Introduction

Purchasing a processor is an important consideration when building or buying a computer. Below we have listed several considerations and additional information about what to ask and look for when purchasing a processor directly or already installed into a computer.

Type

The processor can be a very important consideration for users who are building a computer. Today, there are three main processor manufacturers: AMD, Cyrix and Intel. Each of these companies have good and bad reviews, and really each of them are very close in compatibility and reliability. When considering any of these processors verify the motherboard is compatible. For example, if an Intel motherboard is purchased or currently installed into the computer, you will want to consider an Intel Processor, an AMD processor will not work on a motherboard designed for AMD.

Considerations

Heat Sink	It is highly recommended that all processors have a heat sink. The heat sink helps to allow for the processor to remain cool and therefore run more efficiently. A computer processor with a missing, bad or failing heat sink will cause the computer to lock up, cause errors or encounter other issues. When looking at a processor, also consider the heat sink that will be attached to that processor and ensure that the processor being purchased is compatible with that heat sink.
Interface	Today, there is a wide availability of interfaces the CPU may connect to. Below is a listing of each of the interfaces and a brief description on each of them. Slot Slot A The slot was first used and introduced by Intel when they released the Pentium II processors. This slot was designed to allow users to install the processor easily into the computer. However, because of the additional cost considerations, Intel has now gone back to the Socket what is now known as the FC-PGA socket. Computers that have the Slot are the Intel Pentium II and early versions of the Intel Pentium III. The AMD processors use the Slot A interface Socket FC-PGA Flip Chip Coppermine The socket is the most commonly used and found interface for processors today. The socket has been used in all Intel processors preceding the Intel Pentium II and is now being used for the Intel Pentium III and above processors with the name FC-PGA, which is short for Field-Programmable Gate Array. The FC-PGA is a socket and not a slot processor and is also known as the Intel Coppermine or the Flip Chip. Slocket Slocket, which is a slot card, can be used to connect a socket or FPGA processor. This is not an actual interface but can be an option for users who have a slot adapter with a computer that supports speeds of a socket or FPGA processor. When looking at the interface of the CPU, it must match that of what is on the motherboard unless it is possible to use a Slocket.
Names	The names of the processors can be very confusing and are generally used as a method of helping to sell a computer or computer processor. Below is a listing of some of the more commonly used names and a brief description on each of them. Intel family names: Pentium - The 80586, or P5, the Pentium is the generation above the 486 processor line. Pentium Pro - Chip designed to help speed up Windows 32-bit software Pentium with MMX - Processor with additional 57 new instructions and enhanced speed to graphics and multimedia software. MMX is now included in all Intel processors that have been released after this processor. Pentium II / III - The first of the Intel processors to include the Slot adapters. These processors were the next generations of the Intel Pentium processor. Intel Coppermine - The Socket (FC-PGA) version of the Intel Pentium III / IV. Intel Flip Chip - Another name for the Intel Coppermine. Intel Celeron - The low end Intel processors designed to help lower the prices of the computers by reducing or at first eliminating the level 2 cache. Pentium IV - The next generation of Intel processors, these processors were over 1GHz and were the FPGA processors. AMD family names: AMD K6-2 - Socket 7 processor with the 3DNow! technology and first to have the 100MHz bus. AMD K6-3 - K6-2 chip with Level 2 cache memory that runs at the speed of the CPU. AMD Duron - Like the Intel Celeron, the AMD Duron is an affordable solution processor allowing for the price in the overall computer to drop. AMD Athlon - AMD generation with features such as the 200MHz bus speed AMD Thunderbird - The latest AMD processor, this processor is the socket version.
Speed	The speed of the processor is an important consideration as it is what will rate the speed of the computer and help the computer run faster overall. When looking at the speed of processors available, we highly recommend that you do not purchase or consider purchasing a processor that has just been released. The price of the processor will be at a premium price and if you give that processor 2-4 months it will drop in price dramatically.

Network equipment buying tips

Introduction

Purchasing network cards and accessories for a network, for many, is a confusing and frustrating task. Below we have listed recommendations and considerations to look at when purchasing a network card or accessories for a network. When reviewing this information and recommendations you will be able to be more confident and prevent more issues and frustration when purchasing network equipment.

Connection types

When purchasing a network card, look at the available connections that card allows. Today, this is not as important as it has been in the past as today many networks are only using RJ45. If your network utilizes a different interface, such as Coax, verify the card you are planning on purchasing has this connection.

Connection speed

Connection speed is a very important consideration when looking at purchasing a network card. Today, the majority of networks and cards are found in 10 Base or 100 Base, 100 Base being the faster of the two solutions. While generally slightly more expensive it is recommended that all users looking to buy a network card purchase 100 Base network cards as these cards, if needed, can be switched down to 10 Base.

Card interface

The interface that the card connects to is also an important consideration. Below is a listing of the three available interfaces.

PCI –The recommended solution for desktop computers as it is a faster solution when compared to ISA. However, this is generally a slightly more expensive solution when compared to ISA.

ISA – Solution generally found with 10 Base network cards, ISA cards are a cheaper solution but can be a much slower solution when compared to PCI.

PCMCIA – Solution used with laptop computers, PCMCIA cards are the only solution for laptop computers. When looking to buy a PCMCIA card, it is important to look at the following:

• Connection – By far the most important consideration; when looking at PCMCIA cards, look at the connection and if any additional cables are required to connect the network card to the Network. These additional cables, unfortunately, become easily lost and sometimes easily damaged. The alternatives to additional cables are cards that contain the actual connection on the card.
• Slots used – Verify the card being used utilizes type II connection. If the card utilizes a type III connection, verify that the other cards besides the network can be inserted.

Network cable

When purchasing a network card you will generally never find a network cable included with that card, unless you purchase a network kit. Therefore, it is important to also verify if the network card includes a network cable, and if it does not include a cable, look into purchasing a network cable with your network card. The below information is what to look for when purchasing a network cable.

1. Verify that you purchase the right cable. Today, the most common network cables are Ethernet and Coax. If your network card has an RJ-45 connection, you will want an Ethernet cable; and if your card has a BNC connector, you will want to purchase a Coax cable.
2. If you are planning on only connecting two computers together, you may want to consider purchasing a Cross Over cable that is different from a standard network cable. This cable allows the computers to be connected without the need of a network hub.
3. If you are planning on connecting to a large network, you will need to purchase a standard network cable. Additionally, if you are planning on setting up a network with two or more computers, you will also need to purchase a network hub.

Network hubs

Network hubs are a stand alone hardware device that allow for several computers to be connected to a large or small network of computers. Network hubs are only required if you plan on setting up a network of 2 or more computers. If you plan on using your computer and network card to play network games, a hub will only be required if you plan on hosting that network party. When looking at purchasing a hub, it is important to look at the following.

1. See if the amount of ports on that hub are sufficient for your needs.
2. Verify that the hub is an auto sensing hub. This means that the hub can detect if the network is running at 10 or 100 base and switch to that appropriate speed. It is important to know that you cannot a hub will only connect to a network running at the same speed.
3. Verify that the hub has LED (lights) status indicators. LEDs to look for are the connection LED lights to indicate what speed a computer connected to that network may be, if the hub is experiencing activity, and collision LEDs to see if the network is experiencing a severe amount of collisions.

Other considerations

Other important considerations to look for when purchasing network equipment include:

Warranty – How long is the warranty and what does it cover.

Support – Is the technical support number a free number; is it open 24 hours, 7 days a week.

Price range

Network equipment prices can be very broad in prices because of the quality or features that particular device may include. We have a general list of the major network equipment; however, this is not a complete list and prices can very likely exceed the prices stated below, sometimes by several thousand dollars.

Network Card	$20.00 - $200.00
Network Cable	$1.00 - $80.00
Network Hub	$40.00 - $200.00
Network Switch	$90.00 - $2000.00

*All prices are estimated prices and are not quotes. When a network device is first introduced the price will generally be higher. All prices are US Currency, prices may vary in different countries. All prices are based on new products and not those purchased refurbished or used. Network cable price will vary depending upon the length and brand of cable purchased. Network hub prices will vary depending upon the amount of ports and if the hub is auto switching. Network Switches will vary depending upon the amount of ports, the capability of the switch and the supported speeds.

Ready to buy

Once you have reviewed the appropriate information and believe that you are ready to make a purchase of a computer network device, ensure that the source that you plan on purchasing the network device from is a reputable source and you have reviewed our section on what to look out for when purchasing over the Internet.

Modem buying tips

Introduction

Today, with the set standards of V.90, purchasing a modem is a much less confusing task and sometimes considered easy.

Before purchasing a modem, take the below into consideration. Today, with the popularity of the Internet and multimedia over the Internet, broadband is becoming widely available. If available in your area, you may want to consider purchasing a broadband solution, such as DSL available through a phone or third-party company, Cable available through your local cable provider, Satellite available through a third-party, or through a large ISP such as MSN or AOL.

If a broadband connection is not available in your area, below are some recommendations to consider when purchasing a computer modem.

Standards

Originally, when the 56k connection was introduced, there was not a set standard between two major modem manufacturers, causing there to be two different technologies, X2 and KFlex. Each of these technologies allowed for a modem to connect at higher speeds, but only if the Internet Provider supported the technology. Because of the difficulties and issues with these two different technologies, one technology emerged out of the two, called V.90. This technology will allow users of any brand of modem to connect at higher speeds.

Today, all modems (purchased new) are V.90 and this is no longer a concern.

Interface

Interface can be an important when considering purchasing a modem. It is important that your computer has the available connections and resources when purchasing a modem.

PCI / ISA (Internal) PCI / ISA modems are modems that are found in most computers today. These modems are installed internally into the computer with an available connection on the back of the modem for the phone line. Before purchasing an internal modem make sure the computer has the required slot. In addition, verify that your computer has the available resources. You can sometimes have difficulties installing a modem if a serial device, such as a Serial mouse or Serial PDA, is connected to the computer.

Serial (External) - A serial modem connects to the serial port located on the back of the computer. These modems are generally easy to install; however, they can cost more than an internal modem as you pay additional money for the plastic cover. Before purchasing a serial modem verify your computer has an available serial connection on the back of the computer; devices such as a serial mouse may already be utilizing your serial port. Some computers may have two serial ports; if this is the case and only one serial port is currently being utilized, verify that the second port can be enabled or is already enabled in CMOS.

PC card (PCMCIA) - Solution used with portable computers, PC Card modems are fairly cheap and relatively easy to install in the computer.

If a modem is already present in your portable computer but you wish to upgrade or the internal modem has gone bad, it is important that you verify the pre-existing modem can be disabled before installing the new modem.

USB - A new solution, USB allows a user to install up to 127 devices on the computer and is available for PC and Mac. Before purchasing this solution, verify that your computer has a USB connection. If no USB connection is available, an additional card will need to be installed in the computer.

Connection

Internal / External / USB modem - Today, all modems have a RJ-11 connection, which is a standard phone connection, on the modem. If important to you, verify that the modem has two available RJ-11 connections. One of these connections will connect the modem to the phone and the other can be used for an office phone. This can be very useful for a home or office computer that may need a phone next to it.

PC Card Modem - PC Card Modems used with laptop and other computers have different methods of connecting to a phone line. X-Jack and a Dongle are two of the more popular connection types used for PC Card Modems. If you are purchasing a new PC Card Modem make sure the connection works for you.

Internet availability

Unfortunately even today, not every location in the world has the availability to connect to the Internet. If you live in a rural area, verify that you will be able to connect to the Internet before purchasing a modem.

Price range

The price range of a modem is generally ranged by the speed of the modem, if it is external / internal, and the brand of the modem.

Internal modem	$80.00 and below
External modem	$100.00 to $150.00
USB modem	$140.00 to $200.00
PC-Card modem	$50.00 to $200.00

*All prices are estimated prices and are not quotes. When a modem is first introduced the price will generally be higher. All prices are US Currency, prices may vary in different countries. All prices are based on new products and not those purchased refurbished or used. Prices on modems may vary if modem includes additional software. PC-Card modem prices can be higher than above stated price if card is a combo card (modem / NIC) or if the card is a wireless solution.

Ready to buy

Once you have reviewed the appropriate information and believe that you are ready to make a purchase of a computer modem, ensure that the source that you plan on purchasing the modem from is a reputable source and you have reviewed our section on what to look out for when purchasing over the Internet.

Computer Hope is ready to setup and help you with issues you may encounter during the purchase and installation of your modem, regardless if you purchase through us or another vendor.

How do I find what computer motherboard I have?

Question

How do I find what computer motherboard I have?

Answer

Below is a short listing of each of the different methods of determining the mother board in your computer.

1. If the motherboard is in a working computer there are several different free software programs capable of determining the motherboard in the computer.
2. Unfortunately, without any documentation, determining the manufacturer or model of a motherboard can be cumbersome if the above software solutions do not work. If you have lost your documentation or your computer did not included any documentation, you can open the computer and visually inspect the motherboard for a manufacturer and model. In many cases, computer hardware, expansion cards, and cables need to be disconnected or removed before you can inspect all portions of the motherboard.
   
   When looking at the motherboard, the model number or manufacturer is usually on a white sticker or a silk screen on the very edge of the motherboard that will have a manufacturer, model, or part number that can be searched for additional information about the motherboard.
3. Need to deremine the chipse and not the motherboard.
4. If you are unable to locate a manufacturer or model number of the motherboard, but are able to locate a FCC identification number, it is recommended that you perform a FCC search using that number. Additional information about FCC numbers and how to search for information about a FCC number can be found on our FCC dictionary.

Chipset or driver update

Trying to determine chipset or motherboard information to update the computer motherboard drivers or BIOS. See the motherboard driver section for additional information on BIOS updates, chipset updates, and other software updates.

• Additional information and help with BIOS updates.
• How to determine the motherboards chipse.

Product listing or specifications

If you are trying to list all the specific information about your computer motherboard, specifying the manufacturer, form factor, and specifications of the motherboard is sufficient. Below is an example of how a motherboard could be listed in your system specifications.

Intel D815EGEW ATX using a 1.1GHz processor and 512MB of memory

Replacement or repair

If you are trying to determine the motherboard because it needs to be replaced or repaired, it is recommended that the motherboard be replaced. Because of the complexity of today's motherboards, it can be very difficult and costly to repair a motherboard and it will likely be easier and cheaper to replace the motherboard.

What type of computer memory to use in a memory upgrade?

Question

What type of computer memory to use in a memory upgrade?

Answer

Determining the type of memory required

By far the best and recommend method of determining the type of memory/RAM that should be used with your computer is through the computer or motherboard manufacturer documentation. Thankfully today even if you don't have your product documentation you can still find it online through the computer manufacturers web site or motherboard manufacturer web site.

• How do I find what computer motherboard I have?

For example, your motherboard documentation features may list something similar to the below example.

Supports DDR 400/333/266 SDRAM
Supports up to 3 unbuffered DIMM or 2.5 volt DDR SDRAM
Up to 1GB per DIMM with maximum memory size up to 3 GB

In the above example you can see this motherboard supports DDE SDRAM DIMM at speeds of 400/333/266.

Alternatively you can open the computer being aware of ESD, remove one of the memory sticks currently installed in the computer and physically examine the memory for any stickers or printed labels identifying the memory.

What to look for

Below is a short list of what you should look for or determine when trying to determine the memory your computer has or needs.

Memory type:

What type of memory does the computer use? Some examples of the different memory types include: DDR-SDRAM, DDR2-SDRAM, DIMM, DRAM, EDO, FPM, SDRAM, LIMM, RDRAM (RAMBUS), RIMM, SIMM, and SODIMM. Often many computers today use a variant of DIMM/SDRAM memory.

Amount of Pins

How many pins does the computer accept? 72-Pin, 30-Pin, 168-Pin, 184-Pin, 240-Pin, etc. This will often be related to the type of memory.

Speed of memory:

Earlier memory was listed in nanosecond (ns) speeds such as 70ns, 60ns, 10ns, etc. However, today speeds of memory are often expressed in MHz such as 266MHz, 333MHz, 400MHz, 500MHz, 533MHz, 667MHz, 800MHz. Make sure you get the correct speed of memory for your computer.

Note: If you mix the speeds of your memory in your computer the computer will run at the speed of the lowest speed memory in the computer. The computer will still work, but if you get faster memory and have slower memory in the computer it will run at the speed of the slower memory.

Error-checking:

Does the computer require error-checking memory? For example: Parity or Non Parity / ECC or Non-ECC. The option between the two is often only required on older computers using SIMM or older computer memory standards. New memory and computers only use memory with error checking. If you're uncertain going with parity, ECC, or other memory that has error checking will cause no issues with the computer, only increase the price on the memory when compared with memory with no error checking.

Voltage:

What are the voltage requirements? Make sure you determine the voltage requirements of the memory, ie: 1.8v, 2.5v, etc.

Contact material:

The contact material on the memory is important for users who are looking to purchase memory. Memory modules will be coated in either gold or tin to match the slots that they're connected into. Mismatching the memory contact material with the motherboard memory slot contact material can cause issues to arise, not always immediately.

Proprietary:

Finally, is the memory in your computer proprietary, and if it is not, is there a manufacturer that your computer company recommends? Often today this is no longer an issue for desktop computers and all major memory should work in desktop and the majority of laptops.

Before purchasing memory

Make sure you have the available slots

Make sure the computer has the available slots for the memory you're installing in the computer. For example, if you're installing an additional 1GB of memory into the computer and plan on using two 512MB memory sticks make sure you have two available slots. If you do not have the available slots to install memory you can remove pre-existing memory and install new memory. However, memory that is removed will be subtracted from your total. Below is an example of a possible scenario.

Computer has 512MB of memory, from four 128MB sticks of RAM using all available four slots to install RAM. User wants to have a total of 1GB of memory so each of these sticks would be removed and replaced with either four 256MB sticks or two 512MB sticks.

Memory/Ram Buying tips

Introduction

Computer memory is one of the most commonly purchased and performed computer upgrades. Below is a listing of different considerations and tips to look for when purchasing computer memory.

What type of memory does my computer need?

• Determining what type of memory to use in a memory upgrade.

How much memory should I get?

This question really depends on the computer user you are, what programs you plan on running on the computer, and how many programs you have open at a given time. One of the best methods of determining how much RAM you should have is to look at the system requirements of the programs you're running on your computer and double whatever the memory requirements are for the program you use most. However, below is the general recommendation for memory we'd suggest your computer.

Minimum: 512MB
Recommended: 1GB
Excellent: 2GB or more.

What should be expected

Upgrading the computer system memory may have the below effects on the computer.

• Allow for programs that may require steeper memory requirements to be ran.
• Help the computer or computer programs speed in load and opening time.
• Fix memory errors.

Hard Disk buying tips

Introduction

When purchasing a hard disk drive, it is important to understand and verify the hard disk drive is suitable for your uses and has or does not have the options you may or may not need. Unfortunately, with hard disk drive technologies changing every day, it is can be sometimes confusing and frustrating when looking to purchase a hard disk drive.

Interface

When looking to purchase a hard disk drive the first and foremost important consideration is the Interface the hard disk drive uses to communicate with the computer. Below is a listing of each of the available interfaces with information how thy may or may not apply to your computer.

• IDE/ATAPI/ATA One of the more commonly found hard disk drives and used with IBM compatible computers, IDE is generally an easy to install and customize interface. Each IBM computer has the availability for a maximum of four IDE devices, these devices can range from Hard Disk drives to CD-ROM drives. If considering purchasing an IDE/ATAPI/ATA hard disk drive, verify that there are available locations for the drive to be connected to.
• SCSI Another commonly used interface, SCSI devices are found in Apple computers as well as some IBM computers. The SCSI interface is generally a faster solution when compared to IDE/ATAPI; however, in some cases, they can be more difficult to install. To install a SCSI hard disk drive you must have a SCSI card and an available connection on the SCSI cable connecting to the SCSI card. It is important to remember if you have a Proprietary SCSI card, such as a SCSI card included with the Iomega Jaz drive, this SCSI card may not always allow your hard disk drive to work.
• External (USB / Fire wire / Parallel)Several external solutions are also available; these include but are not limited to USB Hard disk drive, Fire wire Hard disk drive and Parallel Hard disk drive. When considering an external hard disk drive, it is important to look at the speed difference for transferring data to and from the hard disk drive. In addition, for these external drives to function properly, you must also have the available connection for the drive to be connected to.

Speed

In addition to the interface, it is also important to look at the transfer rates of the hard disk drive; long transfer rates can considerably slow down your computer when transferring larger files. When looking at the hard disk drive, look for specifications listing the RPM (Rotations Per Minute). An example of this would be a speed of 7,200 RPM.

Other considerations

Below is a listing of some other important considerations to look at when purchasing a computer hard disk drive:

Warranty How long is the warranty and what does it cover.

Support Is the technical support number a free number is it open 24 hours, 7 days a week.

Included components Verify that the hard disk drive that you are purchasing comes with the needed components to install the drive. Generally, hard disk drives included from the manufacturer will include an IDE / ATA/66-100 Cable, standard drive rails, instructions and diskette for installation.

Internal / External Transfer rates The Internal transfer rate is the rate the hard disk drive can take the data from the platter to the internal cache or read buffer. The External Transfer rate is the rate the hard disk drive can then take the data in the internal cache or read buffer to the computer memory.

S.M.A.R.T. S.M.A.R.T. is a new technology used to help warn the computer user of possible problems with the hard disk drive.

ATA, ATA/33, ATA/66, ATA/100 Another new and sometimes confusing interface is the ATA interface. Developed by Quantum in 1996, the Ultra ATA/33 interface allowed for computers to transfer up to 33 MB per second; later in 1998 this standard was upgraded to the ATA/66 standard with the availability of transferring up to 66 MB per second.

When purchasing an ATA/66 drive, the computer must support ATA66 as well as have an ATA/66 cable in order to support the transfer rate of 66 MB per second. If the computer does not have this cable, the drive will automatically be decreased to a transfer rate of 33 MB per second.

Price range

The price range can vary depending upon what interface the drive uses (SATA / IDE / SCSI / USB), capacity of the drive, and the RPM (Speed) of the drive. In general drives can range from $100.00 to $300.00 (US).

Ready to purchase

Once you have reviewed the appropriate information and believe that you are ready to make a purchase of a new hard disk drive, verify that the source you are purchasing the hard disk drive is a reputable source and you have reviewed our section on what to look out for when purchasing over the Internet.

Computer Hope is ready to setup and help you with issues you may encounter during the purchase and installation of your hard disk drive, regardless if you purchase through us or another vendor.

CD-DVD/RW buying tips

Purchasing a CD-ROM drive is generally a relatively easy task but can involve some considerations when purchasing.

Technology

Before considering purchasing a CD-ROM, it is also good consider the other available options.

CD-R - CD-R, or CD Recordable, drives allow you to do everything that a standard CD-ROM is capable of doing with the added ability of creating your own CDs. An excellent solution for anyone that is in need of a CD-ROM / backup solution.

CD-RW - Like a CD-R drive, a CD-RW, or CD Read/Write, drive allows you to do everything that a standard CD-ROM is capable of, as well as read and write to a CD-RW disc thousands of times instead of once like a CD-R drive. While a little more expensive, this is another great solution for backups.

DVD - DVD, or Digital Versatile (video) Disc, allows a computer to not only do everything that a standard CD-ROM drive is capable of doing, but at the same time is capable of reading DVD Discs and DVD movies. For users who plan on playing games or watching movies on their computers, this is an excellent addition.

Interface

The first and foremost important consideration when purchasing a CD-ROM is the interface that the CD-ROM utilizes, such as IDE, SCSI, USB, Parallel or PC-Card.

IDE/EIDE The most commonly used interface with IBM computers, IDE/EIDE/ATAPI interface is found on all IBM compatible motherboards. This interface allows for a total of four devices to be connected.

When considering purchasing an IDE/EIDE/ATAPI CD-ROM drive it is important to verify that you have the available connections for the device.

SCSI The only method with Apple computers and commonly used interface with IBM computers, the SCSI interface allows for a total of seven devices to be connected to the computer and is a faster solution than the IDE/EIDE interface.

If you are user of an IBM compatible computer, it is important that you ensure your computer has a SCSI interface already present in the computer. If not present, you will need to install a SCSI card before being able to install a SCSI CD-ROM drive.

USB A new solution for the PC and Mac, the USB interface allows a user to quickly and easily install a device and supports up to 127 devices.

Before you can install a USB CD-ROM drive, it is important for both IBM and Macintosh users to verify that a USB port is present on the computer. If not present, an interface card will need to be installed.

Parallel Solution available for PC computers, Parallel CD-ROM drives allow users that may not have the available resources or may have a portable computer to connect a CD-ROM drive easily.

PC-Card (PCMCIA) Excellent solution for users utilizing an older laptop that does not have a CD-ROM drive to connect a CD-ROM drive to their computer.

Transfer rates

Transfer rates can sometimes be a misleading when looking at purchasing a CD-ROM drive. The transfer rate of a CD-ROM drive is how fast a CD-ROM drive may be able to access the data from a CD. This speed is generally only going to be noticeable when installing a program or copying large amounts of data from a CD.

Price range

For a CD-ROM drive, not to be confused with a CD-R, CD-RW or DVD drive, the price can vary depending upon the speed and the interface the CD-ROM drive uses.

Standard IDE/SCSI CD-ROM Drive	$50.00 - $200.00
Parallel CD-ROM Drive	$150.00 - $300.00
PC Card / PCMCIA CD-ROM Drive	$200.00 - $300.00

*All prices are estimated prices and are not quotes. When a CD-ROM is first introduced, the price will generally be higher. All prices are US Currency; prices may vary in different countries. All prices are based on new products and not those purchased refurbished or used. All above prices are for standard CD-ROM drives and not CD-R, CD-RW or DVD drives.

Ready to buy

Once you have reviewed the appropriate information and believe that you are ready to make a purchase of a computer CD-ROM, ensure that the source that you plan on purchasing the CD-ROM from is a reputable source and you have reviewed our section on what to look out for when purchasing over the Internet.

Computer Hope is ready to setup and help you with issues you may encounter during the purchase and installation of your CD-ROM, regardless if you purchase through us or another vendor.

To help support Computer Hope, you can purchase directly through our well-known associate, Amazon. Click the below browse button to begin browsing through the CD-ROM section.

Buying tips

Computer application buying tips

Introduction

Purchasing a software application or program can be a big consideration, especially when purchasing advanced and usually expensive programs such as Microsoft Office or Adobe Photoshop. When considering purchasing these programs it is important that you or your staff be familiar with the program and are sure it's going to be capable of what you need it to do.

On this page we've listed several different considerations to think about before buying a computer software application

Considerations

Competition

Before buying any application make sure there is not a competing program that may be cheaper or even free. If available and something that's capable of doing what you want it to do this could save you hundreds of dollars.

A good example of such a program is Open Office and Corel WordPerfect that would be a competitor to Microsoft Word. Both programs are an excellent choice for a word processor but can be a considerable price difference. In the case of OpenOffice, it's 100% free.

Documentation

Make sure proper documentation is included. Many programs today will include on-line documentation that is generally more than sufficient. However, it is also useful to obtain a manual or user guide for the software program or application.

Licenses

If you are a company who plans on having software programs used by its employees (more than one person), you will need to consider licensing options. It is required that for each computer a product is installed onto that it have a software license. If a company purchases the program and shares it with all its employees without the proper licensing, this would be illegal and can cause your company to face a criminal lawsuit.

Price

Look at your overall price and shop around. Because a software price can change so easily, you can sometimes save hundreds of dollars on expensive software. If possible, do not purchase directly through the company; many times, the company's price doubles a retailers price.

Be cautious of OEM software. Many resellers will sell a program as OEM, which requires you buy a computer or motherboard. OEM software is software that is included with large manufacturers' computers and will only include either just a CD or a slim manual and CD. This is not what you would find at a retail store. This option is not a bad option, it is only important that you are aware of what you are getting.

Package

Look at the overall software package. How many CDs or diskettes are included, what inserts and documentation is included, and is there any bonus or extra software included?

Media

Today, the majority of software is included on CDs and DVDs. When looking at a program, make sure you have an acceptable drive that's able to read the media, While not common today, an example of why this is important is it's better to receive one CD instead of 32 floppy diskettes.

Computer battery buying tips

Main batteries

The main battery is the battery used to power Laptop Computers. When looking to purchase a new main battery from a third-party make sure you're getting the correct battery. Verify the below specifications either from the bottom of the battery or from the computer manufacturer.

• Type - Get the right battery: NICAD / NiMH / Li-ion
• Manufacturer - Some portables may use a certain manufacturer of battery. Verify if a third-party manufacturer's battery was used. Also ensure that the battery is not proprietary and that it is possible to purchase from a third-party.
• Voltage - Verify the Voltage of battery, this amount can vary depending on the battery.
• mAH - Verify the mAH of the battery, this amount can vary depending on the battery.

Warranty

Before purchasing the battery, see if the battery comes with any warranty and how long the warranty may be. This will make things easier if it's defective that it is possible to return the battery for a new battery or for a refund.

Prices

Battery	Estimated price
1 NICAD Battery	$80.00 to $150.00
1 NiMH Battery	$100.00 to $160.00
1 Li-ion Battery	$100.00 to $180.00

Prices can vary depending upon quantity of batteries and how old the laptop is.

Where to buy

Your Laptop computer manufacturer is often the best first place to get a price quote on a replacement battery. After doing this check any of the below links to get a price quote comparison and find the cheapest solution.

1800batteries
Ebatts.com
GoBattery
Batteries Plus
Rayovac Direct

Charge the battery properly

Once you have received the battery if it includes documentation for how to charge it for the first time make sure to follow those instructions exactly. Otherwise it's recommended that you charge the battery for at least 24-hours before use.

Recycle

See the battery recycling section for further information about properly recycling your old defective battery.

CMOS batteries

The CMOS battery is used to store system information such as the time and date and should be replaced when receiving error "System battery dead", the computer does not keep the time or date, or if you are losing a dramatic amount of time over a period of time.

Before replacing the CMOS battery you need to know what battery the computer is using. This can be done either by opening the computer and locating the battery or through the motherboard / computer documentation. We suggest visiting a local RadiShack if you've got the battery but can't identify it or to purchase a new battery.

Prices

Battery	Estimated price
CMOS coin battery	$1.00 to $10.00
CMOS RTC battery	$2.00 to $20.00

Prices can vary.

Bridge batteries

The bridge battery is a small battery that holds a charge for a sufficient amount of time while swapping between main batteries. If you believe that this battery is defective or bad, it is recommended that you contact your laptop manufacturer for a replacement part.

Desktop buying tips

Introduction

Purchasing a home or business computer can be a big and sometimes costly decision. Below is a listing of helpful suggestions on what to look for and what to ask when purchasing a new computer.

New vs. refurbished / used

If you're looking to save money buying a used or refurbished computer can save you a lot of money. A refurbished computer is a computer that has been returned to the company has been checked out as good but cannot be sold again as new. All major computer manufacturers will have a refurbished section showing all their available refurbished products. Buying one of these computers instead of a new computer can save you hundreds of dollars.

In addition to refurbished computers individuals and companies for various reasons will also sell their used computers. When buying these look out for the following.

• Verify it has no physical damage by inspecting the ports as well as the inside and the outside of the case.
• Make sure you're getting what you pay for. See the below scams sections for additional details.
• Make sure computer comes with any CD's for the operating systems or programs that are promised to be installed.
• Realize that many computer manufacturers will not transfer the computer warranty from the old user to you.

Mac vs. PC

The decision between buying a Macintosh and PC computer running Microsoft Windows is always a heated debate.

What to look for

When purchasing a computer it is likely that you will have a general idea of what you may like in the computer or how you would like to configure the computer. Below is a listing of the various components likely to be found in a computer and recommendations and tips when considering any of the below components.

Device	Short recommendation
Case	The case or chassis is often overlooked when buying a new computer. Below are some things to think about regarding the case. Do you want a desktop or tower case? Will the case fit on top of or below your desk? Will the drives be accessible or will they be positioned the way you wish them to be positioned? Does the case support the standards of motherboards, for example, the ATX motherboard standard? This is important if you wish to upgrade the computer in the future.
CD media	Most newer computers today have an included disc burner in the computer. If you wish to make your own CD's / DVD's make sure the computer supports it. Standard CD-ROM buying tips CD-R / CD-RW buying tips DVD buying tips
Hard drive	The hard drive will be the destination of all your files and information. Make sure you get a hard disk drive that will have plenty of available space and will run at speeds that don't slow the overall computer down. Hard disk drive buying
Memory	Memory is one of the more important purchasing decisions on a computer. The more memory in the computer, the more efficient the computer will run. Memory buying tips
Modem	Depending on how you plan on connecting to the Internet the Modem may not be that important of a buying decision. Most users today are using broadband Internet, which does not require a modem. However, if this is not available in your area make sure your computer includes a modem. Modem buying tips
Network card	Almost all computers today have a network card or network option on the motherboard. The network card is what will allow you to share files between computers in your home and connect to a broadband internet connection. Network card buying tips
Processor	The computer processor is and will always be one of the most important considerations when purchasing a computer. Today, with multiple CPU/Processor manufacturers, it may be more confusing as well as more cost efficient to look at all options for computer processors. CPU / Processor buying tips
Sound card	Today, the standard sound cards that are included with a computer are sufficient for almost all computer users. However, if you plan on doing sound editing / mixing make sure to look at the sound cards capabilities. Sound card buying tips
Video card	For computer gaming the video card has become one of the most important factors behind memory and processor. If you plan on gaming with your computer make sure your video card GPU and video memory meets the requirements. Video card buying tips

Brand of computer

There is no such thing as a computer manufacturer who has a perfect history with all its users. Therefore when it comes to recommending one brand over another it would be impossible for us to say who's better than the other. Instead we'd suggest relying off the below considerations.

Consideration	Explanation
Add-ons	All computer manufacturers will give you the option to buy additional accessories when buying a new computer. Keep the below in mind before buying these add-ons. Make sure your buying accessories you actually need. For example, almost all new computers will include a keyboard and mouse. Also if you're upgrading from an older computer many of your older peripherals and accessories may be compatible with the new computer. If you're buying your computer online, check elsewhere. Many accessories available through the computer manufacturer are sold at a premium price.
Documentation	Most manufacturers today are reducing the amount of documentation included with their computer and substituting that documentation for online documentation. Make sure the documentation found online appears to be sufficient and that software and driver downloads are available if needed.
Hardware	As mentioned in the above above what to look for section, make sure the hardware included with your computer meets your needs.
Return	If the computer is purchased at a local retail store, can the computer be returned if unsatisfactory to that store or does it have to be sent to the computer manufacturer? If the computer is purchased online or through a mail order can it be returned if unsatisfactory?
Service	Is the service onsite, meaning a technician will come to your location to replace or fix a bad component. If the service is onsite, is it for the complete time of the warranty? If onsite is not offered, what is and for how long? Can the computer be taken to a local service center? If yes, what is the closest authorized service center? What is the time frame the service takes to occur? For example, if the computer has a bad component, what is the time it will take for a technician to come onsite and replace that component, or if sent in how long does it take? Finally, if that time frame is not acceptable, what is the company willing to do, for example, are they willing to provide you with a loaned computer.
Software	Does the software include Microsoft Office or Corel Suite? These packages allow you to have a word processor and a spreadsheet. For the most users this should be an important consideration. Is it the full versions of the software or is the software a demo, trial, or shareware? Many companies will include programs that will expire after 30-90 days and require you to purchase the full program.
Upgrade ability	While this option may not be considered at first when purchasing a computer, it is an important consideration. When purchasing a computer make sure the hardware you may want to upgrade can be upgraded. Common upgrades for most users today include: Memory, Video card, and Sound Card.
Warranty	Finally, does the computer manufacturer offer a warranty? How long is the warranty? Does the warranty cover both hardware and software issues? We highly recommend that a computer only be considered if it has at least an one-year warranty. Many cheap computers will only come with a 90-day warranty. Meaning if a part goes bad, you will have to pay for the part as well as the service. This may not be an issue for users who just need a cheap computer and are willing to replace parts and service the computer themselves.

How to replace the CMOS battery.

How to replace the CMOS battery.

Cause

Like any battery the computer CMOS battery can fail or lose its charge.

Solution

If your computer is losing its time or date settings, or you are receiving a message CMOS Read Error, CMOS checksum error, or CMOS Battery Failure, first try leaving the computer on for 24-hours. In some cases this can charge the battery and resolve your issue. This often resolves CMOS battery related issues when a computer has been left off for several months. If this does not resolve your issue follow the below steps.

Locate your CMOS battery

When inside your computer make sure you're aware of ESD and all it's potential dangers.

Open the computer case and find the battery on the computer Motherboard, verify that it will be accessible and that it can be removed. Most computers today use a coin cell CMOS battery as shown in the image to the right.

If you are unable to locate your CMOS battery refer to your motherboard or computer documentation or contact your computer manufacturer for additional assistance in locating it.

Obtain battery information

Unfortunately, most manufacturers will not list the exact type and model of your CMOS battery; therefore, once you have located the battery, write down all information about the battery (Voltage, chemistry, wiring, and packaging). If possible, remove the battery and take it to the location you plan on purchasing a new battery from. The part number for this battery for most computers is CR2032.

Additional buying information can be found on our battery buying tips page.

Removing the battery

When inside your computer make sure you're aware of ESD and all it's potential dangers.

If you're computer is using a coin cell battery similar to the above example picture. Removing the battery is relatively simple. use your fingers to grab on the edge of the battery and pull it up and out of the container holding it. Some motherboards have a clip holding the battery down. If your computer has this clip you may need to use one had to move the clip up and the other hand to pull the battery out.

Unfortunately, not all CMOS batteries are removable; some manufactures will only allow a replacement battery to be added. If you're not using a coin cell battery and are not able to determine how to remove it refer to your motherboard or computer documentation or contact your computer manufacturer for additional assistance in removing the battery or how to insert a new replacement battery.

Users with computers that do not have removable batteries only options to install a new battery will most likely also need to set a jumper when adding the new battery into their computer.

Insert the new battery

Once you have purchased a new battery, remove the old battery (as instructed above) and replace it with the new battery.

Enter CMOS values

Once the battery is replaced turn on the computer and resetting the CMOS values to the defaults. After the values have all been entered make sure to save the settings before exiting. Many CMOS setups allow you to press a key (such as F10) to save values and exit all in one action.

If after following all the above steps you continue to experience the same error when your computer starts or your computer is still unable to keep the stored values it's likely that you're experiencing a more serious issues. Most likely causes are bad power supply or bad motherboard.

How to enter the BIOS or CMOS setup.

How to enter the BIOS or CMOS setup.

Note: This document doesn't help users who cannot enter BIOS or CMOS setup because of a password.

Because of the wide variety of computer and BIOS manufacturers over the evolution of computers, there are numerous ways to enter the BIOS or CMOS Setup. Below is a listing of the majority of these methods as well as other recommendations for entering the BIOS setup.

New computers

Thankfully, computers that have been manufactured in the last few years will allow you to enter the CMOS by pressing one of the below five keys during the boot. Usually it's one of the first three.

• F1
• F2
• DEL
• ESC
• F10

A user will know when to press this key when they see a message similar to the below example as the computer is booting. Some older computers may also display a flashing block to indicate when to press the F1 or F2 keys.

Press to enter BIOS setup

If your computer is a new computer and you are unsure of what key to press when the computer is booting, try pressing and holding one or more keys the keyboard. This will cause a stuck key error, which may allow you to enter the BIOS setup.

Once you've successfully entered the CMOS setup you should see a screen similar to the below example.

Older computers

Unlike the computers of today, older computers (before 1995) had numerous different methods of entering the BIOS setup. Below is a listing of general key sequences that may have had to be pressed as the computer was booting.

• CTRL + ALT + ESC
• CTRL + ALT + INS
• CTRL + ALT + ENTER
• CTRL + ALT + S
• PAGE UP KEY
• PAGE DOWN KEY

ACER BIOS

If your computer is unable to boot or you wish to restore the BIOS back to bootable settings and your computer uses an ACER BIOS, press and hold the F10 key as you turn on the computer. While continuing to hold the F10 key, you should hear two beeps indicating that the settings have been restored.

AMI BIOS

Older AMI BIOS could be restored back to bootable settings by pressing and holding the Insert Key as the computer is booting.

BIOS / CMOS diskettes

Early 486, 386, and 286 computers may have required a floppy disk in order to enter the BIOS setup. These diskettes are known as ICU, BBU, and SCU disks. Because these diskettes are unique to your computer manufacturer, you must obtain the diskettes from them. See the computer manufacturers list for contact information.

Early IBM computers

Some models of early IBM computers required that the user press and hold both mouse buttons as the computer was booting in order to enter the BIOS setup.

CMOS

Alternatively referred to as a Real Time Clock (RTC), Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM) or CMOS RAM, CMOS is short for Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is an on-board semiconductor chip powered by a CMOS battery inside computers that stores information such as the system time and date and the system hardware settings for your computer. A CMOS is similar to the Apple Macintosh computer's PRAM. To the right is an image of a CMOS battery on a IBM compatible computers motherboard and the most common CMOS battery you're likely to encounter with your computer.

The bottom right picture contains other examples of batteries that may be used in a computers to power the CMOS memory. As mentioned above the most common battery is the coin cell battery (lithium battery), usually about the size of a U.S. Nickel.

The standard lifetime of a CMOS battery is around 10 Years. However, this can vary depending on the use and environment that the computer resides.

How do I clear a laptop CMOS password?

How do I clear a laptop CMOS password?

Answer

The below steps are for a laptop computer and do not include steps on how to clear a desktop BIOS or CMOS password.

A laptop BIOS password is more secure than a traditional desktop to help protect the data if it was stolen. If you are the original owner of the laptop, we highly recommend contacting the manufacturer of the laptop. Companies such as Dell, Lenovo and Toshiba can reset the password if you are the original owner using the Service Tag, disk, or give you exact steps for your laptop.

If you are not the original owner of the laptop, there are some ways to bypass the password depending on the manufacture and model of the laptop.

5 to 8 character code on System Disabled screen

1. As the computer is booting press F1, F2, or Del to enter CMOS setup.
2. In CMOS setup when prompted for a password, guess three times until you're giving the code. If after entering the wrong password three times the computer is displaying a 5 to 8 code, as shown in the picture, continue to the next step.
3. Write down the code and visit Dogert's BIOS Password Backdoors scripts page to download Python and the free Python scripts to clear many of these types of passwords.

Clear by dipswitches, jumpers, jumping BIOS, or replacing BIOS

Finally, if the above suggestions do not apply to your laptop you will need to open the laptop and clear the password using dipswitches, jumpers, jumping the BIOS using a paperclip or soldering a wire to pins on the BIOS, or in some situations replacing the BIOS chip.

Which step you take depends on the manufacturer and model of your laptop computer. For most end users we highly recommend having the laptop serviced by a qualified technician who can properly disassemble a laptop.

How do I edit a PDF file?

How do I edit a PDF file?

Answer

PDF files are for viewing not editing, if you have the original file use it instead of following any of the below suggestions.

We recommend PDF files be converted to a DOC, ODG, RTF or other file format before editing them. After the file is edited, it can be saved as an updated PDF file. Below are the steps for converting a file using a software program and online.

Free tools to edit PDF files

We highly recommend the Oracle PDF Import Extension for OpenOffice Draw and PDFill as free tools for editing PDF Files. We found PDF Import Extension to be the most useful free program because of its ability to convert almost any PDF, convert images in the PDF into vector images, quickly and easily edit PDF objects, and because it is available for all major platforms (including Mac). PDFill can come in handy when you want to work with form fields, decrypt a PDF, and perform other features not available in the PDF Import Extension.

To edit a PDF file using the PDF Import Extension follow the below steps.

1. If you don't already have OpenOffice installed on your computer. Download and install Open Office. This is a complete suite of Office products including OpenOffice Draw.
2. After installing OpenOffice run the PDF Import Extension.
3. Next, Open OpenOffice Draw.
4. Once open, browse to the PDF file you want to edit and open the file.
5. After the PDF file has been open, edit any text field by double-click the text. If you wish to add new text, click the Text link at the bottom of the Window, and then click the cursor on where you want to add text.
6. Finally, after you have finished editing the file click the PDF link to export the file as a PDF.

Although this is a fantastic free solution for editing a PDF, the PDF Import Extension does have some limitations. It does not currently support PDF forms, table conversions, and decrypting protected files. If you are running Microsoft Windows, many of these limitations can be avoided by also using PDFill.

Below are the steps to edit and otherwise manipulate a PDF file using PDFill.

1. Download and Install PDFill
   
2. Open the PDFill PDF Editor if you wish to edit a PDF file or the PDFill PDF Tools if you want to encrypt, decrypt, merge, add headers, add PDF, or perform other quick tasks to a PDF file.
3. If you are editing a file, after PDFill PDF Editor is open click File, select Open New PDF Project, and browse to the PDF file you wish to edit.

Online conversion

It may take several minutes to convert a PDF file and online services do not convert password protected files.

There are several online tools that can convert your PDF files. Because it is easier to edit a PDF as a Word file, without using the software tools mentioned above, we recommend the PDFtoWord converter by Nitro PDF Software.